IELTS Item Type Status

Sample 1 (ID: 39)

{
  "item": {
    "type": "fib_grammar",
    "content": {
      "questions": [
        {
          "sentence": "Given the alarming rate of deforestation, conservationists _____ consider implementing more stringent measures to protect the remaining rainforests.",
          "explanation": "The use of 'should' in this sentence demonstrates the advanced modal for giving advice or making recommendations. It suggests that conservationists have an obligation or that it would be wise for them to consider stricter protective measures, given the context of rapid deforestation.",
          "correct_answer": "should"
        },
        {
          "sentence": "The biologist speculated that the unusual migration patterns of certain bird species _____ be attributed to subtle changes in the Earth's magnetic field.",
          "explanation": "The modal 'might' is used here to express possibility or uncertainty. It aligns with the advanced modal usage, indicating that the biologist is making a tentative hypothesis about the cause of the birds' behavior, without being fully certain.",
          "correct_answer": "might"
        },
        {
          "sentence": "Environmental policymakers _____ take into account the long-term effects of climate change on biodiversity when drafting new legislation.",
          "explanation": "This sentence employs 'should' to convey a strong recommendation or moral obligation. It demonstrates the use of advanced modals in the context of environmental policy, suggesting that considering long-term climate impacts is necessary or advisable.",
          "correct_answer": "should"
        },
        {
          "sentence": "Researchers _____ investigate the potential impact of rising sea levels on coastal ecosystems before it's too late to implement effective conservation strategies.",
          "explanation": "The use of 'should' in this context expresses a strong recommendation or urgency. It exemplifies the advanced modal usage, implying that there is a need or obligation for researchers to conduct these investigations promptly.",
          "correct_answer": "should"
        },
        {
          "sentence": "The recent discovery of a new plant species in the Amazon rainforest _____ lead to breakthroughs in botanical research and pharmaceutical development.",
          "explanation": "This sentence uses 'might' to express a possibility or potential outcome. It demonstrates the advanced modal usage by indicating that the discovery has the potential to result in significant advancements, without stating it as a certainty.",
          "correct_answer": "might"
        }
      ],
      "instructions": "Choose the correct word to fill in the blank for each sentence."
    }
  }
}

Sample 1 (ID: 5)

{
  "item": {
    "type": "listening_1",
    "content": {
      "part1": {
        "transcript": "Speaker A: Hi, have you been to the new park downtown?\nSpeaker B: Yes, I have. I went last weekend. It's a great place for a picnic.\nSpeaker A: That sounds lovely. I've heard they have a lot of activities there.\nSpeaker B: Yes, they do. They've got a small lake for boating and a few tennis courts.\nSpeaker A: Oh, I love boating! Have you tried it there?\nSpeaker B: Yes, I have gone boating there a few times. It's really peaceful.",
        "audio_segments": [
          {
            "text": "Hi, have you been to the new park downtown?",
            "voice": "onyx",
            "speaker": "Speaker A",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_43ce8ccf-f4d7-429e-9f01-afa6915361e7.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "Yes, I have. I went last weekend. It's a great place for a picnic.",
            "voice": "echo",
            "speaker": "Speaker B",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_907fd041-ac17-4301-b90d-eb9762ee50f5.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "That sounds lovely. I've heard they have a lot of activities there.",
            "voice": "onyx",
            "speaker": "Speaker A",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_9309ce97-0193-4dba-9be8-7dbc0d101709.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "Yes, they do. They've got a small lake for boating and a few tennis courts.",
            "voice": "echo",
            "speaker": "Speaker B",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_a96f7e77-c364-42e1-afe6-a2c1456fdbdf.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "Oh, I love boating! Have you tried it there?",
            "voice": "onyx",
            "speaker": "Speaker A",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_abd65a85-9611-4b23-9487-4f98288ea5e5.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "Yes, I have gone boating there a few times. It's really peaceful.",
            "voice": "echo",
            "speaker": "Speaker B",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_88b13b55-a8e6-4aee-9c67-e500acf5ff56.mp3"
          }
        ],
        "sample_question": "What activity does Speaker B enjoy at the park?",
        "suggested_answer": "boating",
        "answer_explanation": "Speaker B mentions that they have gone boating at the park a few times and describe it as peaceful, indicating that this is an activity they enjoy.",
        "combined_audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/combined_audio_aa65d901-40c8-4b78-bb05-5dc311241b70.mp3"
      },
      "part2": {
        "transcript": "Speaker A: Good morning everyone, today I will talk about our local community center and the facilities it offers. Over the past year, we have added several new features. We now have a state-of-the-art gym and a swimming pool that is open all year round. Additionally, we provide a range of classes, from yoga and pilates to more intensive courses like martial arts. Make sure to check out our weekend workshops, as well, which include painting and pottery classes to stimulate your creativity.",
        "audio_segments": [
          {
            "text": "Good morning everyone, today I will talk about our local community center and the facilities it offers. Over the past year, we have added several new features. We now have a state-of-the-art gym and a swimming pool that is open all year round. Additionally, we provide a range of classes, from yoga and pilates to more intensive courses like martial arts. Make sure to check out our weekend workshops, as well, which include painting and pottery classes to stimulate your creativity.",
            "voice": "onyx",
            "speaker": "Speaker A",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_2c9741c7-b8e7-4fd5-87e9-7fd66d07ab17.mp3"
          }
        ],
        "sample_question": "What facility is available all year round?",
        "suggested_answer": "swimming pool",
        "answer_explanation": "The speaker mentions that the swimming pool is open all year round, making it a facility that is continually available.",
        "combined_audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/combined_audio_73ffff84-8141-42b6-b21d-bf1add0b0d60.mp3"
      },
      "part3": {
        "transcript": "Speaker A: So, what do you both think about the new art history course?\nSpeaker B: I've found it quite insightful. I've learned how art and culture interact significantly.\nSpeaker C: I agree. The most intriguing part for me has been the section on Renaissance art. I've always been fascinated by that period.\nSpeaker A: Yes, it is quite detailed. I particularly appreciated the segment on modern art trends. Have you finished the first assignment yet?\nSpeaker B: Yes, I submitted it last night. I had an incredible experience researching abstract expressionism.\nSpeaker C: I'm almost done. I've chosen to focus on how World War II impacted European art.",
        "audio_segments": [
          {
            "text": "So, what do you both think about the new art history course?",
            "voice": "onyx",
            "speaker": "Speaker A",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_a4babcb6-17eb-4f54-89fb-eb82177e69e8.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "I've found it quite insightful. I've learned how art and culture interact significantly.",
            "voice": "echo",
            "speaker": "Speaker B",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_a143a2ce-3172-4e1e-98e7-ac43891e8d1c.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "I agree. The most intriguing part for me has been the section on Renaissance art. I've always been fascinated by that period.",
            "voice": "shimmer",
            "speaker": "Speaker C",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_147b4a08-995e-483a-9ef4-831b742f3e6a.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "Yes, it is quite detailed. I particularly appreciated the segment on modern art trends. Have you finished the first assignment yet?",
            "voice": "onyx",
            "speaker": "Speaker A",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_8f8d9fb0-848e-4a90-89de-cc1659c8f14d.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "Yes, I submitted it last night. I had an incredible experience researching abstract expressionism.",
            "voice": "echo",
            "speaker": "Speaker B",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_abe8a36d-42e1-4154-8b8a-7863e40414a8.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "I'm almost done. I've chosen to focus on how World War II impacted European art.",
            "voice": "shimmer",
            "speaker": "Speaker C",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_295dee73-d695-459b-ac2e-8922fcaaac01.mp3"
          }
        ],
        "sample_question": "What topic did Speaker C find most intriguing in the course?",
        "suggested_answer": "Renaissance art",
        "answer_explanation": "Speaker C mentions that they have always been fascinated by the Renaissance period, indicating it is the most intriguing part for them.",
        "combined_audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/combined_audio_45d2b0c7-6133-487c-8b66-fefe00a065a9.mp3"
      },
      "part4": {
        "transcript": "Speaker A: Good afternoon, everyone. Today, we are going to delve into the complexities of marine biology, focusing particularly on coral reefs. Coral reefs have been described as the rainforests of the sea owing to their rich biodiversity. Over the last few decades, however, these marine ecosystems have faced severe threats primarily due to climate change and ocean acidification. Research has shown that more than half of the world's coral reefs have diminished because of these factors. Scientists employ advanced techniques like genomic studies to understand and possibly mitigate these adverse effects. The preservation of coral reefs matters not just for marine life, but also for human industries, as they provide substantial economic benefits through tourism and fishing.",
        "audio_segments": [
          {
            "text": "Good afternoon, everyone. Today, we are going to delve into the complexities of marine biology, focusing particularly on coral reefs. Coral reefs have been described as the rainforests of the sea owing to their rich biodiversity. Over the last few decades, however, these marine ecosystems have faced severe threats primarily due to climate change and ocean acidification. Research has shown that more than half of the world's coral reefs have diminished because of these factors. Scientists employ advanced techniques like genomic studies to understand and possibly mitigate these adverse effects. The preservation of coral reefs matters not just for marine life, but also for human industries, as they provide substantial economic benefits through tourism and fishing.",
            "voice": "onyx",
            "speaker": "Speaker A",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_d2461fe0-abeb-4e59-911a-2c3fce1d6535.mp3"
          }
        ],
        "sample_question": "Why are coral reefs often compared to rainforests?",
        "suggested_answer": "rich biodiversity",
        "answer_explanation": "The lecturer explains that coral reefs are often called the 'rainforests of the sea' due to their rich biodiversity, making this the correct answer.",
        "combined_audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/combined_audio_d87d35fb-8994-4c92-ba7b-7ed24bd1436c.mp3"
      }
    },
    "speaker_voices": {
      "Speaker A": "onyx",
      "Speaker B": "echo",
      "Speaker C": "shimmer"
    },
    "vocabulary_topic": "Hobbies and Free Time"
  }
}

---

Sample 2 (ID: 1)

{
  "item": {
    "type": "listening_1",
    "content": {
      "part1": {
        "transcript": "Speaker A: Are you planning to visit the new library this weekend?\nSpeaker B: Actually, yes. I go to the library every Saturday to study. It's become a routine for me.\nSpeaker A: That's great. I heard they have a new collection of historical books.\nSpeaker B: Yes, I am particularly interested in checking out those resources for my history project.",
        "audio_segments": [
          {
            "text": "Are you planning to visit the new library this weekend?",
            "voice": "onyx",
            "speaker": "Speaker A",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_3663ba1b-62ee-46dc-9c29-8574b6ac8dd6.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "Actually, yes. I go to the library every Saturday to study. It's become a routine for me.",
            "voice": "echo",
            "speaker": "Speaker B",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_2d9ef867-fffc-48c1-a02b-a95e8fa0d1a9.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "That's great. I heard they have a new collection of historical books.",
            "voice": "onyx",
            "speaker": "Speaker A",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_a0614b61-6eb6-4cdb-b1b0-1c1c6fbb9fc8.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "Yes, I am particularly interested in checking out those resources for my history project.",
            "voice": "echo",
            "speaker": "Speaker B",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_7d37410a-4c2e-4e2f-a59e-fb41f6978224.mp3"
          }
        ],
        "sample_question": "What does Speaker B do every Saturday?",
        "suggested_answer": "go to the library",
        "answer_explanation": "Speaker B says they go to the library every Saturday as part of their routine.",
        "combined_audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/combined_audio_8db7c74c-4334-4dde-9f6f-74cf7742c336.mp3"
      },
      "part2": {
        "transcript": "Speaker A: Welcome to our community center. Every Saturday morning, we host workshops for school students. These workshops cover diverse topics such as mathematics, science, and arts. It's an excellent opportunity for students to engage with subjects they're passionate about. Additionally, we provide all necessary materials and resources to make the learning experience fruitful and engaging.",
        "audio_segments": [
          {
            "text": "Welcome to our community center. Every Saturday morning, we host workshops for school students. These workshops cover diverse topics such as mathematics, science, and arts. It's an excellent opportunity for students to engage with subjects they're passionate about. Additionally, we provide all necessary materials and resources to make the learning experience fruitful and engaging.",
            "voice": "onyx",
            "speaker": "Speaker A",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_e9f0c515-ba2e-4772-a5bb-c06e7319f473.mp3"
          }
        ],
        "sample_question": "When are the workshops held?",
        "suggested_answer": "Saturday morning",
        "answer_explanation": "Speaker A mentions that the workshops are hosted every Saturday morning.",
        "combined_audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/combined_audio_0876f700-5f90-4df0-a55e-a02aa1b4963c.mp3"
      },
      "part3": {
        "transcript": "Speaker A: I think the new curriculum focuses too much on theoretical knowledge.\nSpeaker B: I agree, but it also includes practical projects which help students apply what they've learned.\nSpeaker C: Yes, but I'm concerned about the balance. Some students may find the workload overwhelming.\nSpeaker A: True, but isn't it important to prepare them for university standards?\nSpeaker B: Absolutely. However, we should ensure that the students don't face burnout. We need to incorporate more interactive and hands-on activities.",
        "audio_segments": [
          {
            "text": "I think the new curriculum focuses too much on theoretical knowledge.",
            "voice": "onyx",
            "speaker": "Speaker A",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_8f650daa-f148-4642-bf60-f9ddee085c6a.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "I agree, but it also includes practical projects which help students apply what they've learned.",
            "voice": "echo",
            "speaker": "Speaker B",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_f7071470-b3ca-4ab5-9fff-2fc4b562f139.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "Yes, but I'm concerned about the balance. Some students may find the workload overwhelming.",
            "voice": "nova",
            "speaker": "Speaker C",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_028c8cdd-5f30-45e8-8520-fe452c7f4d7a.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "True, but isn't it important to prepare them for university standards?",
            "voice": "onyx",
            "speaker": "Speaker A",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_6d1613b2-b50d-4895-a074-7ed4fe67e68b.mp3"
          },
          {
            "text": "Absolutely. However, we should ensure that the students don't face burnout. We need to incorporate more interactive and hands-on activities.",
            "voice": "echo",
            "speaker": "Speaker B",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_1ba2593b-219d-48b0-b995-059eaaa38481.mp3"
          }
        ],
        "sample_question": "What is Speaker C concerned about?",
        "suggested_answer": "the balance of the curriculum",
        "answer_explanation": "Speaker C discusses their concern about the balance within the curriculum, indicating that it might be overwhelming for students.",
        "combined_audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/combined_audio_8eba9239-9f13-4b88-8934-890cefd3b67c.mp3"
      },
      "part4": {
        "transcript": "Speaker A: Good morning, everyone. Today, I will be discussing the evolution of educational systems over the last century. Initially, education was heavily based on rote memorization, which means students were required to memorize information and reproduce it in exams. However, the 21st century has brought a paradigm shift towards critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Video-based learning, for instance, has become an integral part of education, allowing students to visualize complex concepts. Additionally, collaborative projects and interactive simulations have transformed the traditional classroom into a dynamic learning environment where students are encouraged to explore and innovate.",
        "audio_segments": [
          {
            "text": "Good morning, everyone. Today, I will be discussing the evolution of educational systems over the last century. Initially, education was heavily based on rote memorization, which means students were required to memorize information and reproduce it in exams. However, the 21st century has brought a paradigm shift towards critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Video-based learning, for instance, has become an integral part of education, allowing students to visualize complex concepts. Additionally, collaborative projects and interactive simulations have transformed the traditional classroom into a dynamic learning environment where students are encouraged to explore and innovate.",
            "voice": "onyx",
            "speaker": "Speaker A",
            "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_7cc46038-f413-45ac-be44-1cfcdfff0359.mp3"
          }
        ],
        "sample_question": "What has become an integral part of education in the 21st century?",
        "suggested_answer": "video-based learning",
        "answer_explanation": "Speaker A mentions that video-based learning has become an integral part of modern education, helping students visualize complex concepts.",
        "combined_audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/combined_audio_e3de6d0e-79bd-4158-a70c-f82d8495bcc1.mp3"
      }
    },
    "speaker_voices": {
      "Speaker A": "onyx",
      "Speaker B": "echo",
      "Speaker C": "nova"
    },
    "vocabulary_topic": "School and Education"
  }
}

Sample 1 (ID: 3)

{
  "item": {
    "type": "l_match_1",
    "answers": [
      {
        "job": "software engineer",
        "name": "Sarah",
        "hobby": "painting landscapes"
      },
      {
        "job": "teacher",
        "name": "John",
        "hobby": "hiking"
      },
      {
        "job": "architect",
        "name": "Beth",
        "hobby": "yoga"
      }
    ],
    "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_4bd4b4b0-18bf-4793-bbd3-b847f632c418.mp3",
    "questions": [
      {
        "category": "A",
        "description": "Person's Name"
      },
      {
        "category": "B",
        "description": "Their Job"
      },
      {
        "category": "C",
        "description": "Their Hobby"
      }
    ],
    "transcript": "Today, I want to introduce you to three people. Sarah has been working as a software engineer for five years and loves painting landscapes in her free time. John, who is a teacher, has taught mathematics for over a decade and enjoys hiking on weekends. Beth, an architect, has designed numerous buildings, and she has recently taken up yoga as a hobby.",
    "grammar_focus": "The transcript incorporates the Present Perfect Tense to indicate actions or situations that started in the past and continue to the present or have relevance to the present. For example, \"Sarah has been working as a software engineer for five years\" and \"John has taught mathematics for over a decade.\"",
    "vocabulary_focus": "The vocabulary topic 'Colors' can be expanded during discussions or practice exercises, perhaps by describing the landscapes Sarah paints, incorporating terminology related to various color palettes and hues used in different art forms.",
    "vocabulary_topic": "Colors"
  }
}

---

Sample 2 (ID: 7)

{
  "item": {
    "type": "l_match_1",
    "answers": [
      {
        "job": "Dermatologist",
        "name": "Sarah",
        "hobby": "Painting"
      },
      {
        "job": "Architect",
        "name": "John",
        "hobby": "Sculpting"
      },
      {
        "job": "Linguist",
        "name": "Emily",
        "hobby": "Yoga"
      }
    ],
    "audio_url": "https://hivemind440.s3.amazonaws.com/audio/audio_dbee1e15-22cf-46be-8395-a4ff1d23f172.mp3",
    "questions": [
      {
        "category": "A",
        "description": "Person's Name"
      },
      {
        "category": "B",
        "description": "Their Job"
      },
      {
        "category": "C",
        "description": "Their Hobby"
      }
    ],
    "transcript": "Let me introduce you to three fascinating individuals. First, there's Sarah, a dermatologist who finds solace in painting landscapes. Then we have John, an architect who forgoes relaxation through sculpting intricate clay models, exploring the sculptural form. Lastly, there's Emily, a talented linguist who rejuvenates by practicing yoga which helps relax muscles and maintain joint flexibility. Each person's unique passion distinctly complements their profession.",
    "grammar_focus": "Simple wordforms are used to convey ideas clearly, such as 'finds solace' and 'forgoes relaxation'. This demonstrates the use of straightforward language structures for clarity.",
    "vocabulary_focus": "Body parts vocabulary is subtly included, with references to 'muscles' and 'joint flexibility', providing context and depth to the listening exercise.",
    "vocabulary_topic": "Body Parts"
  }
}

Sample 1 (ID: 24)

{
  "item": {
    "type": "mcq_vocabulary",
    "content": {
      "questions": [
        {
          "options": [
            "Single-mode transportation",
            "Combining multiple modes of transport",
            "High-speed rail networks",
            "Autonomous vehicles"
          ],
          "question": "In urban planning, what does the term **intermodal** transportation refer to when discussing efficient and integrated travel systems?",
          "explanation": "Intermodal transportation involves the seamless integration of multiple modes of transport, such as trains, buses, and bicycles, to create an efficient and connected travel system. This approach enhances accessibility and reduces travel times by allowing passengers to switch between different modes easily. The other options do not capture the essence of combining various transportation methods.",
          "correct_answer": "Combining multiple modes of transport"
        },
        {
          "options": [
            "A fee for parking in the city center",
            "A tax on fuel consumption",
            "A charge for driving in busy areas during peak hours",
            "A fine for speeding in urban areas"
          ],
          "question": "What does it mean when a city implements a **congestion** charge to alleviate traffic problems in its central business district?",
          "explanation": "A congestion charge is a fee imposed on vehicles entering or driving within designated high-traffic areas, typically during peak hours. This measure aims to reduce traffic congestion, improve air quality, and encourage the use of public transportation. The other options, while related to transportation, do not specifically address the concept of managing traffic flow in busy urban areas.",
          "correct_answer": "A charge for driving in busy areas during peak hours"
        },
        {
          "options": [
            "Changing the color of vehicles",
            "Switching to electric cars",
            "Moving from private cars to public transport or active travel",
            "Implementing new traffic signals"
          ],
          "question": "In the context of sustainable transport, what does the term **modal shift** imply for urban commuters?",
          "explanation": "Modal shift refers to the transition from one mode of transport to another, typically from private car use to more sustainable options like public transportation, cycling, or walking. This shift is crucial for reducing carbon emissions and congestion in urban areas. The other options do not capture the fundamental change in transportation habits that modal shift represents.",
          "correct_answer": "Moving from private cars to public transport or active travel"
        },
        {
          "options": [
            "A place to repair vehicles",
            "An area for recreational activities",
            "A facility to encourage use of public transport from the suburbs",
            "A charging station for electric vehicles"
          ],
          "question": "What is the primary purpose of a **park and ride** facility in a metropolitan transport system?",
          "explanation": "A park and ride facility is designed to allow commuters to park their private vehicles and continue their journey into the city center using public transportation. This system aims to reduce congestion and pollution in urban areas by encouraging the use of mass transit for the final leg of the journey. The other options do not reflect the combined use of private and public transport that park and ride facilities facilitate.",
          "correct_answer": "A facility to encourage use of public transport from the suburbs"
        },
        {
          "options": [
            "Building more highways",
            "Creating car-free zones",
            "Developing areas around public transport hubs",
            "Expanding airport facilities"
          ],
          "question": "In transportation planning, what does the term **transit-oriented development** (TOD) primarily focus on?",
          "explanation": "Transit-oriented development (TOD) is an urban planning approach that focuses on creating compact, walkable, mixed-use communities centered around high-quality public transportation systems. This strategy aims to reduce car dependency, promote sustainable living, and enhance urban vitality. The other options do not capture the integrated approach of aligning urban development with public transport infrastructure that TOD represents.",
          "correct_answer": "Developing areas around public transport hubs"
        }
      ],
      "instructions": "Choose the correct meaning or usage of the highlighted word in each question."
    }
  }
}

---

Sample 2 (ID: 30)

{
  "item": {
    "type": "mcq_vocabulary",
    "content": {
      "questions": [
        {
          "options": [
            "Muscle contraction",
            "Blood circulation",
            "Defensive barrier",
            "Nutrient absorption"
          ],
          "question": "The **epidermis** is the outermost layer of the skin, providing a protective barrier against environmental factors and regulating water loss. Which of the following best describes its function?",
          "explanation": "The epidermis primarily serves as a defensive barrier, protecting the body from external threats and maintaining moisture balance. It does not participate in muscle contraction, blood circulation, or nutrient absorption, which are functions of other body systems.",
          "correct_answer": "Defensive barrier"
        },
        {
          "options": [
            "Skull",
            "Spine",
            "Digits",
            "Pelvis"
          ],
          "question": "The **phalanges** are a series of small bones that form the skeletal structure of the fingers and toes, allowing for dexterity and fine motor skills. Which body part do they primarily constitute?",
          "explanation": "Phalanges are the bones that make up the fingers and toes, collectively known as digits. They are not found in the skull, spine, or pelvis, which are composed of different types of bones with distinct functions.",
          "correct_answer": "Digits"
        },
        {
          "options": [
            "Color perception",
            "Light refraction",
            "Tear production",
            "Pupil dilation"
          ],
          "question": "The **cornea** is a transparent, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye, refracting light to help focus it on the retina. What is its primary function in the visual system?",
          "explanation": "The cornea's primary function is light refraction, bending incoming light to focus it properly on the retina. It does not directly contribute to color perception, tear production, or pupil dilation, which are functions of other ocular structures.",
          "correct_answer": "Light refraction"
        },
        {
          "options": [
            "Heart",
            "Lungs",
            "Liver",
            "Trachea"
          ],
          "question": "The **thorax** is the middle section of the body between the neck and the abdomen, containing vital organs such as the heart and lungs. Which of the following is NOT typically found within the thoracic cavity?",
          "explanation": "The liver is not typically found in the thorax; it is located in the abdominal cavity. The heart, lungs, and trachea are all contained within the thoracic cavity, playing crucial roles in respiration and circulation.",
          "correct_answer": "Liver"
        },
        {
          "options": [
            "Blood filtration",
            "Shock absorption",
            "Leverage enhancement",
            "Bone marrow production"
          ],
          "question": "The **patella**, commonly known as the kneecap, is a small, round bone that sits at the front of the knee joint. What is its primary function in the musculoskeletal system?",
          "explanation": "The patella's primary function is to enhance leverage in the knee joint, improving the efficiency of the quadriceps muscles. It does not participate in blood filtration or bone marrow production, and while it may contribute to shock absorption, this is not its main role.",
          "correct_answer": "Leverage enhancement"
        }
      ],
      "instructions": "Choose the correct meaning or usage of the highlighted word in each question."
    }
  }
}

Sample 1 (ID: 38)

{
  "item": {
    "type": "mc-mcq",
    "content": {
      "paragraph": "In the world of fashion, relative clauses can play a pivotal role in describing garments and their unique features. For instance, a dress that is adorned with sequins may catch the light beautifully, but a suit which is crafted from fine wool offers a distinct level of elegance. Notably, fabrics like silk that are synonymous with luxury are often used in high-end clothing lines. Designers who prioritize sustainable practices frequently choose materials such as organic cotton, thereby reducing environmental impact. Clothing styles, which vary widely across cultures, reflect personal expression and societal norms. In history, certain garments that were once symbols of status are now accessible to a broader audience due to changes in manufacturing and distribution. Accessories, which complement outfits, can also be described by relative clauses: jewelry that sparkles or scarves which are hand-knitted. Understanding how clothes are presented linguistically offers not only a richer vocabulary but also insights into cultural values embedded within fashion choices.",
      "questions": [
        {
          "id": 1,
          "options": [
            {
              "text": "Relative clauses are used to describe features of clothing.",
              "label": "A"
            },
            {
              "text": "Garments made of sequins are synonymous with luxury.",
              "label": "B"
            },
            {
              "text": "Wool suits are associated with elegance.",
              "label": "C"
            },
            {
              "text": "Organic cotton is used in non-sustainable practices.",
              "label": "D"
            },
            {
              "text": "Fabrics like silk are used in high-end clothing lines.",
              "label": "E"
            }
          ],
          "question": "Which of the following statements are true according to the passage?",
          "explanations": {
            "A": "Explanation for why A is correct: The passage states that relative clauses describe garments and their unique features.",
            "B": "Explanation for why B is incorrect: The passage mentions sequins as a feature but does not equate it with luxury as it does with silk.",
            "C": "Explanation for why C is correct: The passage mentions that suits crafted from wool offer a distinct level of elegance.",
            "D": "Explanation for why D is incorrect: The passage states that organic cotton is chosen for sustainable practices.",
            "E": "Explanation for why E is correct: The passage states that fabrics like silk, synonymous with luxury, are used in high-end clothing lines."
          },
          "correct_answers": [
            "A",
            "C",
            "E"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": 2,
          "options": [
            {
              "text": "Designers disregard cultural values.",
              "label": "A"
            },
            {
              "text": "Designers focus solely on aesthetics.",
              "label": "B"
            },
            {
              "text": "Some designers prioritize sustainability.",
              "label": "C"
            },
            {
              "text": "Designers universally use luxury fabrics.",
              "label": "D"
            },
            {
              "text": "Designers' choices can reflect societal norms.",
              "label": "E"
            }
          ],
          "question": "What can be inferred about the role of designers mentioned in the passage?",
          "explanations": {
            "A": "Explanation for why A is incorrect: The passage does not state that designers disregard cultural values.",
            "B": "Explanation for why B is incorrect: While aesthetic is important, the passage mentions sustainability, indicating a broader focus.",
            "C": "Explanation for why C is correct: The passage mentions designers who prioritize sustainable practices by using organic cotton.",
            "D": "Explanation for why D is incorrect: The passage only mentions silk in the context of luxury, not suggesting all designers use it.",
            "E": "Explanation for why E is correct: The passage indicates clothing styles reflect personal expression and societal norms, suggesting designers\u2019 choices align with these norms."
          },
          "correct_answers": [
            "C",
            "E"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": 3,
          "options": [
            {
              "text": "To add descriptive detail to garments.",
              "label": "A"
            },
            {
              "text": "To enhance the manufacturing process.",
              "label": "B"
            },
            {
              "text": "To reflect cultural expressions.",
              "label": "C"
            },
            {
              "text": "To create a language of exclusivity.",
              "label": "D"
            },
            {
              "text": "To complement outfits.",
              "label": "E"
            }
          ],
          "question": "According to the passage, what are the functions of relative clauses in fashion contexts?",
          "explanations": {
            "A": "Explanation for why A is correct: The passage explains that relative clauses describe unique features of garments.",
            "B": "Explanation for why B is incorrect: The passage does not link relative clauses directly to manufacturing processes.",
            "C": "Explanation for why C is correct: The passage suggests clothes described linguistically offer insights into cultural values.",
            "D": "Explanation for why D is incorrect: While language can imply exclusivity, the passage doesn't focus on designing language for exclusivity.",
            "E": "Explanation for why E is incorrect: While accessories complement outfits, this is related to items described, not the function of relative clauses directly."
          },
          "correct_answers": [
            "A",
            "C"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": 4,
          "options": [
            {
              "text": "Clothes reflect personal expression.",
              "label": "A"
            },
            {
              "text": "Garments exclusively define one's status.",
              "label": "B"
            },
            {
              "text": "Accessories are unnecessary additions to fashion.",
              "label": "C"
            },
            {
              "text": "Fashion can indicate socioeconomic changes.",
              "label": "D"
            },
            {
              "text": "Manufactured clothes are always expensive.",
              "label": "E"
            }
          ],
          "question": "Which concepts related to clothes does the passage highlight?",
          "explanations": {
            "A": "Explanation for why A is correct: The passage states that clothing styles reflect personal expression.",
            "B": "Explanation for why B is incorrect: While garments once represented status, now they're more accessible, indicating a shift rather than an exclusive definition.",
            "C": "Explanation for why C is incorrect: The passage mentions accessories as complementing outfits, indicating they add value.",
            "D": "Explanation for why D is correct: The passage notes changes in manufacturing and distribution have altered the accessibility of certain garments, reflecting socioeconomic shifts.",
            "E": "Explanation for why E is incorrect: The passage does not suggest all manufactured clothes are expensive."
          },
          "correct_answers": [
            "A",
            "D"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}